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10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.168 Int J Biol Macromol

Standard RDA: 2.4 mcg for adults Senior-Specific Needs: Often higher than 2.4 mcg due to absorption issues Recommended Intake for Seniors: At least 2.4 mcg, potentially much higher with supplementation Why the Standard 2.4 mcg May Not Be Sufficient The standard 2.4 mcg dosage might not be enough for seniors for a few reasons: Decreased Stomach Acid: Needed for B12 release from food Atrophic Gastritis: A common condition in older adults that makes it hard to absorb B12 Medication Interference: Some medicines can also block B12 absorption For those over 50, its best to get most of their vitamin B12 from supplements and fortified foods

Instead, multiple parallel markets exist, each with its own pricing logic, quality standards, and legal considerations

However, accuracy and completeness are not guaranteed

Gene expression changes initiated by GHK-CU persist beyond the treatment period